Melasma Management: Tips to Treat and Prevent Skin Discoloration

Understanding Melasma

Melasma is a form of hyperpigmentation that appears as brown or gray-brown patches – most commonly on the cheeks, forehead, bridge of the nose, and upper lip.

It’s more prevalent among women and individuals with medium to darker skin tones, and it often develops due to a combination of hormonal changes and sun exposure.

What Causes Melasma?

The condition is complex, and while sun exposure remains the top trigger, other factors play a significant role:

• Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy or due to birth control pills or hormone therapy
• Genetic predisposition—melasma tends to run in families
• Heat and visible light, which can stimulate pigment production even in the absence of UV rays
• Inflammation or skin irritation from certain products or treatments

Sun Protection: Your First Line of Defense

Managing melasma always begins with strict sun protection. Daily use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 is non-negotiable – even on cloudy days or when indoors near windows.

Look for mineral-based sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, which offer reliable protection and are less likely to irritate the skin.

Targeted Ingredients That Work

Several topical treatments can help fade melasma over time:

• Hydroquinone, a well-known skin lightener, often used as a first-line treatment under medical supervision
• Azelaic acid, kojic acid, and niacinamide, which help reduce pigment production and inflammation
• Retinoids, which encourage cell turnover and improve the absorption of other ingredients

Consistency is key – most treatments take weeks or even months to show results, and stopping early can reverse progress.

In-Office Options for More Resistant Cases

For patients whose melasma doesn’t respond to topicals alone, dermatologists may recommend in-office treatments:

• Chemical peels using glycolic or salicylic acid can gently exfoliate and fade pigment
• Microneedling improves product absorption and stimulates collagen
• Laser treatments, such as low-fluence Q-switched lasers, must be approached carefully to avoid worsening the condition

Every case of melasma is unique, and what works for one patient may not be effective – or appropriate – for another. That’s why a professional diagnosis and treatment plan is essential.

Managing Expectations

Melasma doesn’t disappear overnight. It often requires a long-term, multifaceted approach and careful lifestyle adjustments.

But with consistency, sun protection, and expert guidance, you can achieve noticeable improvement and regain confidence in your skin.

Your Skin, Supported

If you’re struggling with melasma or want to refine your treatment plan, we’re here to help.

Our board-certified dermatologists will work with you to understand your skin’s unique needs and craft a solution that works for your lifestyle.

Book your appointment online or call us at 718-491-5800 to get started. Let’s bring out your most radiant skin together.

Author

SINY